Anatomy

GENERAL ANATOMY

• ·         Father of Modern Anatomy: Vesalius

IMPORTANT VESSELS AND SOURCE OF BLEEDING (HIGH YIELD FOR 2014)

It is very essential to remember the source of bleeding from some important vessels:

• ·         Doudenal ulcer:                                   Gastroduodenal artery
• ·         EDH (Extradural hematomas):            Middle meningeal artery
• ·         Gastric Ulcer:                                      Left gastric artery
• ·         Hemoptysis:                                        Bronchial artery
• ·         Menstruation:                                      Spiral arteries
• ·         SDH (Sub dural hematoma)                Bridging veins
• ·         Tonsillectomy:                                    Paratonsillar vein

Posterior wall perforation leads to bleeding due to involvement of gastroduodenal artery that lies posterior to the 1st part of duodenum.

Trauma to skuU near the Pterion exactly opposite to which lies the middle meningeal artery inside the skull (figure below). Acute Epidural hematoma: Usually follows arterial hemorrhage between the skull and the dura. At the time of impact, a dura! artery is tom, and the inbending of the skull initiates the stripping of the dura from the bone. Occasionally, an epidural hematoma follows a tom venous sinus. Most frequently, acute epidural hematomas occur in the temporal or temporoparietal region as a consequence of hemorrhage from one of the branches of the middle meningeal artery.

Huxles Membrane:	Inner layer of cells of root sheath of hair
Henle's Membrane:	Outer layer of cells of root sheath of hair
Bowman's Membrane:	“Anterior” limiting membrane of Cornea
Descemet’s Membrane:	“Posterior” limiting membrane of Cornea
Bruchs Membrane:	Pigment membrane in Retina
Elsching's Membrane:	Astroglial membrane covering Optic Disc
Heuser's Membrane:	Exocelomic Membrane
Sharpnell's Membrane:	Pars Flaccida of the tympanic membrane